Essay on Thomas Hardys Views on Marriage - 1227 Words

Thomas Hardys Views on Marriage Thomas Hardy lived in a time when marriage was the expected practice for young men and women. He had a very distinct view of the institution and the implications that came along with it. He himself was married twice in his long life, both times not very happily, and had progressive views about the union of the sexes, most particularly regarding divorce. His ideas and opinions are not too carefully concealed in his literary works, though he contested that he kept his own views out of his fiction. In order to understand Hardy and his views on marriage, we must first understand the time in which he lived. The Victorian society held rigid views on marriage and the role of women in life. Most women†¦show more content†¦People most often simply lived apart or separated from one another. The Matrimonial Causes Act of 1923 equalized the grounds for divorce by allowing woman to sue an adulterous husband for divorce. In the middle of this strict social code, Hardy came into being. He met his first wife, Emma Gifford, in 1870 when he visited Cornwall. He was captivated by both her and the landscape that surrounded her. Some controversy surrounded her methods in securing his hand in marriage. She probably exaggerated her attachment to a local farmer in the hopes of pressing Hardy into a proposal. It did eventually come, and the two were married on September 17, 1874. They were both thirty years old, though she thought he looked older and he thought she was much younger. Although the first years of their marriage were comparatively happy, tensions infused their union. Arguments over whether to make their home in London or at 1 Arundel Terrace, their inability to have children, tension between Emma and her mother-in-law, and Hardys various flirtations either indicated the underlying problems or represented the actual problems themselves. Regardless, each was ill-suited for the other. Hardy retreated inside himself and sought emotional connection with other women like Rosamund Tomson and Florence Henniker. She kept a private journal wherein she recorded her complaints about him and also discussed their marriage with a few acquaintances.Show MoreRelatedSons Veto1519 Words   |  7 PagesThe Author Thomas Hardy was born in rural England where he spent his early life training as an architect. His family did not have much money and this made him acutely conscious of social inequalities in Victorian England. He moved to London when he was a young man and worked there for a time. He later returned to Dorset, becoming a fulltime writer. The decay of rural Britain, the status of women in society and social inequalities of his times and the Christian idea of God are some of the recurringRead MoreSons Veto1509 Words   |  7 PagesThe Author Thomas Hardy was born in rural England where he spent his early life training as an architect. His family did not have much money and this made him acutely conscious of social inequalities in Victorian England. He moved to London when he was a young man and worked there for a time. He later returned to Dorset, becoming a fulltime writer. The decay of rural Britain, the status of women in society and social inequalities of his times and the Christian idea of God are some of the recurringRead MoreUse Of Language In Thomas Hardys On The Western Circuit1136 Words   |  5 PagesThomas Hardy’s short story On the Western Circuit is an interesting text that captures the plight of women during Victorian era England. A time when women were treated as second class citizens valued for their conformity to societies standards and not their intellect or individuality. Confined by religious dogma and unable to control their own destinies, our characters must face the consequences of their a ctions in an era of restrictions. The selected text in Thomas Hardy’s short story, On the WesternRead More Sue and Arabella in Thomas Hardys Jude the Obscure Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesSue and Arabella in Thomas Hardys Jude the Obscure Thomas Hardys diary contains an entry that explains how he will show the world something it needs to be shown in a story about a poor, struggling young man who has to deal with ultimate failure (Howe 132). This brief description of a story has turned into Hardys phenomenal Jude the Obscure. Jude is emotionally torn between the two main women in the novel, Sue and Arabella, because each woman can only partially satisfy his urges. TheRead MorePortrayal Of A Woman Associated By Thomas Hardy1483 Words   |  6 Pages Novelist Thomas Hardy voiced many strong opinions through his writing about the crushing power of Victorian society and the rules and regulations concerning marriage. Contradicting the expectations of society was something Hardy delighted in, but Hardy’s reader response began to suffer. As his career progressed, his novels became increasingly more pessimistic and his readers heavily criticized his last two novels. After writing Jude the Obscure, he resolved to n ot write any more novels because ofRead MoreThe Goblin Market By Christina Rossetti1280 Words   |  6 PagesA woman in the Victorian era was good for few things – marriage being of the upmost importance. When married, a woman needed to pure of sexual experiences and desires, for only men had sexual needs to be fulfilled. If a woman were â€Å"ruined,† or not a virgin, she was unmarriageable. Few outlets were available unmarried women to survive, and many of them turned to prostitution. We shall see the image of a ruined woman presented by Christina Rossetti in â€Å"The Goblin Market,† and find the conflicting imagesRead MoreAnalysis of Thomas Hardy1639 Words   |  7 Pagesposited by Carlyle, and affirmed by Thomas Hardy. Hardy’s poems are generally perceived to be pessimistic and cynical in nature, wherein the existence of humans on earth by a supposed Divine authority is criticized and condemned. Several of his poems, in particular, the Wessex colle ctions highlight and illustrate Hardy’s dark and morbid perception of the world. These include â€Å"Hap†, â€Å"God’s Education† and â€Å"To An Unborn Pauper Child†, which all indicates Hardy’s view that the world was out to kill humansRead MoreJude the Obscure1059 Words   |  5 PagesJude the Obscure Theme Analysis of Marriage Thomas Hardy, the author of Jude the Obscure, focuses on multiple themes throughout his book including social order and higher learning which is mainly seen in the first part of the book. Jude, a working class boy aiming to educate himself, dreams of a high level education at a university, but is pushed away by the cruel and rigid social order. In the second part of the book, Jude abandons his idea of entering Christminster and the focus shifts to SueRead More Hardys Presentation of Bathsheba and Fannys Experiences in Far from the Madding Crowd1395 Words   |  6 PagesHardys Presentation of Bathsheba and Fannys Experiences in Far from the Madding Crowd How does this novel reveal the social reality of the time? In this essay I will look at Thomas Hardys Far from the Madding Crowd in the first section, I will look at the different ways Hardy portrays Bathsheba and Fannys experiences. Since Hardy based this novel in the 1840s, and being true to history, it does reveal a lot about the social reality of the time. However, Hardy could have a differentRead More Jude the Obscure and Social Darwinism Essay927 Words   |  4 Pageseven having the opportunity to be tested; and Sues reversal of all her ideals and decisions upon the death of her children, which she sees as some sort of divine warning, and her subsequent return to Phillotson, to name but a few).    Hardys view of all this cruelty is related with a grim irony that is evident in Judes death scene. While the festival celebrations of the world outside continue in oblivious gaiety, Jude himself quotes morbid poetry:    Let the day perish wherein

Risk Management Within The Health Care Setting - 928 Words

Risk management in the health care setting is multi-focused. In addition to mitigating risks inherent to clinical settings, it also serves to protect visitors and employees safety. Moreover, risk management is vital to protect the organization from losses, earning and retaining accreditation, and reducing the overall risk of doing business in the health care industry. At the heart of risk management is the manager who is responsible for maintaining a risk management plan and continually monitoring the outcome of the plan. Authority and Role of the Risk Manager Although the discussion focuses on the risk manager, most large health care organizations employ a team of individuals to reduce the risks of loss and increase patient safety from both a proactive and reactive stance. The health care environment is constantly evolving, but nothing has made change as pervasive as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) and the regulatory and compliance mandates contained within its wording. For instance, maintaining confidentiality of patient information, a key function of risk management, is now more difficult with the rise of cybercrime of medical information. According to Finkle (2014), the Federal Bureau of Investigation warns health care providers there is high demand for medical information by criminals to commit both impersonation crimes and financial fraud. These concerns were unheard of not long ago. Confidentiality and protection of patient information is onlyShow MoreRelatednvq5 health and safety1064 Words   |  5 Pages UNIT 4: DEVELOP HEALTH AND SAFETY AND RISK MANAGEMENT POLICIES, PROCEDURES AND PRACTICES IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE OR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE’S SETTING 1.1 Explain the legislative framework for health, safety and risk management in the work setting. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 is to ensure all staff are aware of their part in health and safety. Mental Health Act 1983 to ensure that people that have mental disorders get the care and treatment needed. Electricity at Work RegulationsRead MoreRisk and Quality Management1593 Words   |  7 PagesRisk and Quality Management Assessment Summary Angelina L. Crudo HCS/451 University of Phoenix Lisa Kehlenbrink July 8, 2013 Risk and Quality Management Assessment Summary Risk management is about reducing the likelihood of errors with the aim of improving and monitoringRead MoreCase Study Management : Case Management1000 Words   |  4 Pages According to the CMSA (Case Management Society of America) and several others organizations that case management alone means that it is a collective system that helps the patient and their family needs through the communication, available resources of promoted quality, and cost-effective outcomes. In 1980s, case management started to expand all throughout in different settings. Case management had no boundaries of what was consider being case management. Many other professions such like nursingRead MoreRisk Of Harm And Abuse1525 Words   |  7 PagesLEARNING OUTCOME 3 3.1 EXTENT TO WHICH INDIVIDUALS ARE AT RISK OF HARM It would be untrue to claim that the care provided to service users protects them from risk. In fact, the care that service users receive could put them at risk of harm and abuse. Service users are exposed to risks like everybody else, except they might experience it to a different extent. These risks include but are not limited to the below; A. Physical: Because vulnerable people in most cases cannot express or defend themselvesRead MoreThe Need For Classification Of Nursing Data1559 Words   |  7 Pagesnursing terminology and documentation to accurately communicate and identify nursing diagnoses, nursing care provided, and interventions that were performed within healthcare disciplines process (Mennella Caple, 2016). The essential solution to making nursing more visible is having necessary data to adequately measure the direct effects and retrieve associated nursing care costs to attach nursing care services with each patient. Minimum data sets for nursing are vital classification systems necessaryRead MoreIcd 10 Workplace Settings And Roles1371 Words   |  6 PagesICD-10 Workplace Settings and Roles. ICD-10 implementation will affect nearly all core operations of health care organizations. Numerous organizations use diagnosis codes for a variety of reasons. Transitioning to ICD-10 requires changes to almost all clinical and administrative processes and systems. These changes are required of all HIPAA covered entities. The workplace may be any type of healthcare organization, such as: Hospitals Physician practices Clinics Health insurance organizationsRead MoreAppraisal of the Findings of a Qualitative Study on Implementing Guidelines for Cardiovascualr Risk694 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstand the factors that contribute to the progression and limitation of guideline implementation within the primary health care setting. These emphasized guidelines are throughout the introduction portrayed as a positive implementation that will elevate the health care system as well as improve the assessment and management of cardiovascular risk. The adversity within these proposed implantations lie within their validity, such as which guidelines are effective and the reason for their effectivenessRead MoreRisk Management Is A Essential Component Of Any Business1046 Words   |  5 PagesRisk Management is a vital component of any business, especially health care. Risk management can be generally defined as recognizing, preventing, and monitoring situations that could result in injury or liability, monetary loss, or noncompliance of regulations (Chubb Health Care, 2004, 9). In a basic risk management system, risks are identified in separate risk area. Each risk area is handled by a different department. It addresses the risks to an organization at the department level. In theRead MoreHome Health Care1390 Words   |  6 PagesHOME HEALTH CARE Lesson notes prepared by : Major(mrs) Mrunalini.JS Lecturer RAKMHSU(10-11-08) INTRODUCTION: The health care management not only involves the patient but also family members friends and other resources, To regain the optimal health to function within their limitations, and remain in the home environment. Success lies on quality of nurse-client relationship. OBJECTIVES 1. Understand the key terms and their meaning 1. Describe the management of health careRead MoreRoi and Variance Analysis819 Words   |  4 PagesROI and Variance Analysis ROI and Variance Analysis What are the four major budgets of a health care organization? Briefly discuss each. Describe the four types of responsibility centers, including the characteristics of each? The revenue center represents the organizational link in which the activity is appreciated. The cost center represents the organizational link in which products/ services are obtained which generate expenses (costs) with the help of which there can be measured the efficiency

History of Ford Motor Company Free Essays

To say that Henry Ford dilly-dallied around before finally establishing a serious car company would be invalid. The 40 year old man had been acquiring valuable knowledge regarding business, engines, management, and most importantly cars. Now it was time to take a leap of faith. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Ford Motor Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1903 the Ford Motor Company came to be. Ford, along with other investors including John and Horace Dodge raised $28,000 and in the first 15 months produced 1700 Model A cars. These cars were known for their reliability, yet were still too expensive for the average American. Over the next five years Ford and his engineers produced models with the letters B through S, the most successful of which was the Model N (priced at $500) , and the least successful was the Model K (priced at $2500). It was obvious from the Model N that the key to the companies success lay in inexpensive cars for a mass market. The answer that Ford and the American consumer were looking for was the Model T. The Model T, a small, sturdy four-cylinder car with an attractive design and a top speed of 45 mph, hit the market in 1908. It†s success came from it†s attractive price, at $850, and more than 10,000 were sold in the first year alone. It was easy to operate, maintain, handle on rough roads, and immediately became a success. Along with success came expansion, and in 1910 he established another assembly plant in Highland Park, Michigan. Through interchangeable parts, standard manufacturing, and a division labor, the demand greatly increased for the Model T. It was at this time in 1913 that Ford introduced the assembly line and forever changed our economy, our industry, and our culture. Ford†s concept of an assembly line sprang from the thought that a car could be produced much quicker if each person did one, single task. He applied this in his Highland Park plant, and cut down production time of one Model T to a fraction on the time. The carefully timed pace of a conveyer belt moving the parts along further speeded the process. With these new tactics, a factory could produce 40%-60% more cars per month. By late 1913 he had established assembly plants in Canada, Europe, Australia, South America, and Japan. At this point, the Ford Motor Company was the largest manufacturer of cars in the world. In 1914 Ford astonished the business world by more than doubling the minimum wage for his workers, raising it from about $2. 0 to $5. He argued that if his employees earned more, the company would sell more cars to them and reduce employee turnover. He said in regards to this ecenomical move â€Å"The high wage begins down in the shop. If it is not created there it cannot get into pay envelopes. There will never be a system invented which will do away with the necessity for work. † At this point the company had made $30 million in profits, mainly due to his economical and industrial scheme. It was now that he started focusing not only on cars, but on other world issues such as peace in the wake of World War I. He had a â€Å"peace ship,† called the Oscar II, sent to Norway on an expedition to end the war. This would contribute to his future project, the Ford Foundation. Ford displayed his true motives of pleasing the middle class consumer, when he lowered the cost of the Model T to $350 in 1916. In 1917 Ford started the construction of a industrial complex on the Rouge River in Dearborn, Michigan. The idea was to produce everything a car needed to run in one compact area. They had a a steel mill, glass factory, and automobile assembly line. This plant was the utopia of Ford†s mass production scheme. In 1918 Ford unsuccessfully ran for senate, and a year later he named his son Edsel Ford, the president of the Ford Motor Company. He also started a publication called â€Å"The Dearborn Independent. † This journal, produced weekly, was at first anti-Semitic. Statements against Jews were boldly printed. He said that the Jews were trying to â€Å"wipe out of public life every sign of the predominant Christian character of the United States,† as well as other demeaning remarks. After much public protest, Ford discontinued further publication, and made a public apology to the Jewish people. At this point the popularity started shifting from the Model T to larger more luxurious cars, and in 1927 the production of Model T†s ceased and six months later the Model A was introduced. This model included such improvements as hydraulic shock absorbers, automatic windshield wipers, a gas gauge, and a speedometer. The success of these was limited to 5 million, 10 million short of the Model T. It was at this time that the Ford Foundation was introduced. It was established â€Å"for scientific, educational, and charitable purposes, all for the public welfare. This organization basically attempted to further nurture the world in any aspect possible. This was made possible through all the money acquired through sales, primarily of the model T. Yet this utopia could only be temporary. As more and more large corporations started to pop up, so did labor unions. Ford was the only major manufacturer of cars in the Detroit area that had not recognized a labor union. In 1937 a band of supporters of unionization were physically beaten near a Ford plant by people suspected to work for the President of Ford. As a result, they were accused of unfair labor practices by the National Labor Relations Board. In 1941, following a massive workers strike, Henry Ford agreed to sign a contract that met workers demands. It was only two years later in 1943 when Henry Ford†s son, Edsel Ford died at age 49, and the president of the company. Henry himself was incapable of running the plants and managing business. He died in 1947 at the age of 83 in his hometown. He died a rich man; his fortune ranged somewhere between $500 and $700 million. Yet more importantly he died an accomplished man, who had left an imprint on the very definition of the word â€Å"American. â€Å" How to cite History of Ford Motor Company, Essay examples

Accident Avoidance Vehicle System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Accident Avoidance Vehicle System. Answer: Introduction: Many a driver have been critical of the current accident avoidance vehicle system. However, continuous researching by engineers have uncovered critical issues that are worth addressing. The solution to be adopted must at least meet all the expectations in the field. Top in the list, is the aspect of safety and efficiency. Safety guarantees confidence in the use of the system and ensures driver is in full control of the system. Now, the proposal presents a number of simple solution to the said problem from which models can be built and tested to confirm their usability and effectiveness. Certainly, the derived solution will greatly contribute to the development of redundant system. However, in this case, all electronics components are deliberately eliminated so that the focus is on the mousetrap mechanism. Selection of the mousetrap concept is a simple yet fundamental process by considering various operational and design parameters such as materials, size, versatility and redundancy. Therefore, four conceptual ideas are presented. In the first idea, the mousetrap is to be configured such that powering is on both wheels but with no brakes; in the second case, there is a segmental configuration of the mousetrap so that in each wheel powering is done differently from the other wheels and brakes are integrated. In the third case, mousetrap powering is done to the wheels both front and back wheels but no brakes are there. Lastly, in the fourth idea, the mousetrap powering is done in all wheels with brakes in both wheel, that is, front and back wheels. The selection criteria is used where evaluation is performed to choose the best solution given the product requirements and functionalities. In a nutshell, the criteria are based on the following: safety, material, redundancy, ergonomics, size and weight, Performance (speed, traverse deviation braking capacity), Therefore, after a thorough evaluation process, the selected idea for further consideration is number 4 on the attached hand-drawn concepts. Conclusion The product manufacturing techniques depend on the materials to be used and the expected performance level of the device. Being that the product eliminates the electronic portions, expectedly, therefore, the configuration of the device will follow a simple approach. Notably, the materials to be used will have to be environmentally friendly so that waste management system can be integrated in the entire supply chain management of the product. The conceptual design proposed above stems from the very design considerations. The aspect of safety and material economy were the main points of consideration. Certainly, therefore, the selected design concept will further be developed and a working model established.

Psychology of lying free essay sample

In order for an individual to detect that a person is telling a lie, the person needs to understand the psychology of lying to know the reason behind the act. In fact, having knowledge on the psychology of lying can help you become more observant to the different signs of lying, as well as the mentality that comes with it. This is useful in order to avoid being put in a sense of doubt or under emotional stress when you are confronted with it. The psychology of lying can be a complicated concept because people lie for a different reasons, While some people lie in an attempt to avoid punishment or to avoid hurting someone else’s feelings, others lie out of impulse or because they want to present themselves as someone they are not. Lies are common. People studying the psychology of lying will soon find that telling lies does not automatically indicate any type of mental disorder. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology of lying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even if there is an instance where a person tells a lie without first considering the reasoning behind it or the consequences resulting from the lie this is not considered a symptom of psychopathology. It would only be considered a symptom if the person does this often and it has negative effects on his or her life. Lying is not simple as telling the truth versus falsifying it. It is deeper than that, it is not always about distortion or nor disclosure of facts, it may well be about creating a whole new set of truths that only the liar knows of. It appears some lie for no reason at all while many lie with great reasoning, some lie for a cause, and many build a cause to lie. It is not always about the flip side of truth, sometimes, a lie stands on its own two feet: 1upon deep explanation, you will find that lying is a complex act, a complicated aspects of ones personality. 2it is more than a habit, almost a natural human trait. You can run from the truth You can hide from the truth You can deny the truth But, you cannot destroy the truth†¦ Sometimes knowing the truth may hurt even more, yet still, in the longer run, a lie causes more damage than truth. Chapter Two REVIEW THE LITERATURE Self-esteem is one of the biggest culprits in our lying ways. â€Å"We find that as soon as people feel that their self-esteem is threaten, they immediately begin to lie at higher levels.† Many lies are simply for the purpose of maintaining social contacts by avoiding insults or discords. Small lies that avoid conflict are probably the most common sort of lie†¦ and avoiding conflict is a top motivator for deception. The farther one’s true self is from their ideal self, the more likely they are to lie to boost themselves up, in others eye or their eyes†¦ or perhaps how they perceive others to perceive them. That is hard train of thought to follow, but lying is a complex phenomenon.—Robert Feldman (psychologist) A person’s first instinct is to serve his or her own self-interest. People are more likely to lie when they can justify such lies to themselves. When under time pressure, having to make decision that could yield financial reword would make people more likely to lie and when people are not under time pressure, they are unlikely to lie there is no opportunity to rationalize their behavior. – Shaul Shalvi (psychological scientists, university of Amsterdam) Ori Eldar and Yoella Bereby-Meyer (university of the Negev Investigated)[TITLE: what factors influence dishonest behavior] To lie is to state something that one knows to be false or that one has not reasonably ascertained to be true with the intention that it be taken for the truth by oneself or someone else, then a lie is a lie big or small but since lie usually has consequences, people always want to differentiate between some of them. What the people (or court system) are actually trying to do is to weigh the effects of a lie by a liar on its victims the conceptions and outcomes of lying can be many but when a person finally make a choice to speak, write or present something knowingly to be false, that single piece there is a lie unless the liar is insane or incapable to understand what she or he is doing. – Stephanie Ericcson [TITLE: The way we lie] â€Å"Trustworthiness is a highly esteemed commodity, when one has it, one is considered valuable. When one has lost it, one may be considered worthless.† A lie is a false statement to a person or group made by another person who knows it is not the whole truth, intentionally. Lying is when a person doesn’t tell the truth. There are many reasons a person may tell a lie. Usually people lie to get themselves out of trouble. Some people actually have a disorder that makes them lie without realizing they are doing so. it is one of the most common wrong acts that we carry out. It’s an avoidable part of human nature so its worth spending time thinking about it. Most of people would say that lying is always wrong, except when there’s a good reason for it—which means that it’s not always wrong. Lying is giving some information while believing it to be untrue, intending to deceive by doing so. People have reasons for not telling the truth. Whether its to not hurt someones feelings, or to not let a parent find something out, or to even make lifes harsh reality more bearable. There are dozens of reasons that someone out there thinks is a reason to not tell the truth. Even as I write this, I still wonder. Are the people that justify their reasons for not telling the truth actually hurting themselves? The oddest thing happens if you are constantly not telling the truth. Somewhere in there, you start to forget what truth is. If someone is constantly lying to everyone around them, how in the world can they go on telling the truth to themselves. Usually people dont even know that they are doing it. After awhile, the alter reality takes over and you wont be able to tell the difference between a lie and the truth. So, in essence, you could say that one of the realities of not telling the truth is that you lose yourself, literally, but you may not even notice it. You would think that this phenomena would be something that would take a lot of big choiceslarge decisions to arrive at a point where you didnt recognize the truth. Actually, its the opposite. It takes just one tiny step at a time to lose yourself somewhere in non-truths. —unknown( What Kinds of Reasons Are There for Not Telling the Truth?Is it Okay Not to Tell the Truth? )

Mass Incarceration and Bail Reform Professor Ramos Blog

Mass Incarceration and Bail Reform Jacob Hawks English101 22 April 2019 Mass Incarceration and Bail Reform In 2016, the United States was the leading country for most people in prison with a staggering 2.2 million people behind bars. This is a 500% increase in the past 40 years (The Sentencing Project). It is claimed that the large increase of people being arrested are because of crime and violence increasing. In reality, it is because of new laws being put into effect year after year that put people who commit nonviolent crimes behind bars. America has a prison system problem that needs to be reformed by getting rid of incarceration for nonviolent, low level crimes, revising the bail system, invest more into cost-effective options other than incarceration such as drug treatment programs, and distinguish between people who are ready to re-enter society and those who continue to pose threats to public safety. The War on Drugs was the â€Å"Big Bang† of mass incarceration. In 1980, there were 40,900 people incarcerated for drug related offenses. Today, the number of people incarcerated for drug related offenses has jumped to 450,345 people. Today, there are more people in prison for drug related offenses than there were people in prison for any crime in 1980(The Sentencing Project). There are many stories of teenagers, such as Reynolds Wintersmith Jr., being arrested for use and or possession of drugs who are being thrown in prison and are given longer sentences than adults who commit violent crimes such as rape and murder. Reynolds Wintersmith Jr. was a 19 year old who had no mother and no father and grew up his whole life in what some would call a drug house or a â€Å"dope house†. Wintersmith was arrested for selling cocaine and was given life without a chance for parole in 1994 at the age of 19.(ACLU) Wintersmith has spent more than half of his life in prison for a nonvi olent, drug crime he committed as a teenager. The number of drug related incarcerations have increased dramatically over the years because of laws that are being signed which are causing people, who were once considered law abiding citizens, to now be considered felons. 40 years ago, there weren’t nearly as many laws as there are now days. This is a huge factor in why people would assume that crime rates are dramatically increasing, when the real reason is laws being signed into effect every year. Mass incarceration is also heavily impacted by the racial division in our country. People of color make up only 37% of the population of the United States, yet people of color also make up 67% of the of the total population of the United States prison system(ACLU). These numbers are very skewed. A huge reason for this issue is because of the racial divide in this country. â€Å"African Americans are more likely than white americans to be arrested; once arrested, they are more likely to be convicted; once convicted, they are more likely to face stiff sentences.†(The Sentencing Project). According to research gathered by the American Civil Liberties Union, â€Å"African American men are 6 times more likely to be arrested than white men. Hispanic and Latino men are twice as likely to be arrested as non-hispanic and non-latino white men†(ACLU). The lifetime likelihood of imprisonment for African American U.S. residents born in 2001 is 1 in 3 while the likelihood of a white man to be convicted is 1 in 17(Beck). Colored people in poor or struggling communities are more likely to be â€Å"repeat offenders† than a white man in the suburbs. The average white man typically is seen as having more education, money, and privilege. While people of color in impoverished neighborhoods are typically perceived as being uneducated and poor. Police also tend to use more force and enforce the laws more strictly in poor areas or cities than they would in a normal city. African American citizens are being pulled over and hassled on the streets for little to no reasoning just because of the color of their skin or based on their appearance. Philando Castile, for example, was pulled over for a traffic violation when he alerted the officer he had a gun on him. The officer did not listen to what Castile was saying after that and shot Castile dead with his girlfriend in the passenger seat and her 4 year old daughter in the back seat. This is just one of many real life situations that happen almost daily in America. Philando Castiles fatal traffic stop. The bail system also plays a huge role in the unnecessary amount of people behind bars. The bail system is a way to make sure that people convicted for a crime will show up to their court hearing date. Instead of sitting in jail and waiting for your court date, you can pay the bail and be released until your court date. There are two major issues with this system. One of the issues is that obtaining a court date can take months and even years to get. Now you have a large amount of people that have been incarcerated waiting months on end in jail before they are even found guilty of the crime they are accused of committing. The other major issue is being able to afford bail. â€Å"The United States Constitution says a person is considered innocent until they are proven guilty so that means more than 450,000 innocent people are currently in jail, simply because they’re too poor not to be.†(Ideas.Ted) Mass incarceration and the bail system is costing billions of dollars a year to keep people in jail pre trial. According to a Harvard Law study proposition, â€Å"Taxpayers spend approximately $38 million a day or $14 billion a year on pretrial detention.†(Harvard Law Study). Thus, mass incarceration in our prisons and jails can be improved with a significant change in the bail system, eliminating incarceration for low level, nonviolent offenses, investing in alternative, cost efficient programs and drug treatment centers, and distinguishing between those who pose a threat to public safety and those who are ready to re-enter back into society. Revising the bail system to keep low level, nonviolent offenders out of incarceration will save both parties money and will also save the offender their freedom until they are proven guilty. Investing more time and money into drug treatment centers will save lives and will also transform a lot of people in breaking a cycle of being released and sent back to prison. And finally, differentiating people who are ready to go back into society and those are not and still pose a threat more clearly will save a lot of innocent and changed people their freedom and millions in taxpayer dollars. Work Cited Beck, Allen. â€Å"Lifetime Likelihood of Going to State or Federal Prison.† US Department of Justice, 2016, bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/Llgsfp.pdf. Crutchfield, Robert D., and Gregory A. Weeks. â€Å"The Effects of Mass Incarceration on Communities of Color.† Issues in Science and Technology, 2 Nov. 2015, issues.org/the-effects-of-mass-incarceration-on-communities-of-color/. Initiative, Prison Policy. â€Å"Detaining the Poor: How Money Bail Perpetuates an Endless Cycle of Poverty and Jail Time.† Detaining the Poor: How Money Bail Perpetuates an Endless Cycle of Poverty and Jail Time | Prison Policy Initiative, www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/incomejails.html. â€Å"Bail Reform.† American Civil Liberties Union, www.aclu.org/issues/smart-justice/bail-reform. â€Å"Bail Reform and Risk Assessment: The Cautionary Tale of Federal Sentencing.† Harvard Law Review, harvardlawreview.org/2018/02/bail-reform-and-risk-assessment-the-cautionary-tale-of-federal-sentencing/. â€Å"Criminal Justice Facts.† The Sentencing Project, www.sentencingproject.org/criminal-justice-facts/ â€Å"Solutions.† American Civil Liberties Union, aclu.org/other/solutions.

TV Paper Topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

TV Paper Topics - Essay Example It is generally considered to be the supremacy of one society on that of inferior society. In this context it has been viewed that the show â€Å"Friend† promoted certain activities that are not acceptable by other society. For instance the show promotes practice like living relation which is considered to be an uncommon process in many parts of the world. According to John Tomlinson, cultural imperialism is basically the process of spreading western-modern life style. With reference to the stated statement it can be stated that the sitcom â€Å"Friends† certain activities that promoted western life style which could be stated as cultural imperialism (Tomlinson 2-5). How does show approach that issue: The different approach that have been adapted by the Show â€Å"Friends† are explained here under: Americanization Friends a well-known TV sitcom globally is considered to be amongst one of the best show in the American television history/. The show relives around t he life of six friends who helps each other’s in solving their individual problems. It has been stated by many critics that the show helped in promoting American culture to a great extent. However, globally many critics stated that the show mainly focused on influencing people to adapt American culture. For instance, the show promoted many American brands like Buitoni pasta, Nestle Toll House cookies, Oreo cookies among others which is considered to be an indirect way of promoting Americanization. It was also viewed that the sitcom was banned from China as it promoted too much sex which is considered to be a normal affair in the American context (Shi, â€Å"Product Placement and Digital Piracy: How Young... This paper approves that globally many critics stated that the show mainly focused on influencing people to adapt American culture. For instance, the show promoted many American brands like Buitoni pasta, Nestle Toll House cookies, Oreo cookies among others which is considered to be an indirect way of promoting Americanization. It was also viewed that the sitcom was banned from China as it promoted too much sex which is considered to be a normal affair in the American context. This report makes a conclusion that the contribution of television shop in bringing new changes in the society can be witnessed from the past. There exist many television shows that are made considering the normal living habits of their civilians. However, it has been viewed that the shows conflicts with certain living habits when telecasted in the international level. With reference to the above mentioned discussion it can be viewed that the show ‘Friends’ considered to be amongst one of the renowned television sitcom in the American TV history has been criticized my many individuals in the international level. The main reason that resulted in such criticism was resulted from promoting American brand and showing activities that are considered to be uncommon on the global platform. Thus, it can be concluded that a show must be made considering all the factors that would not promote discrimination amid the different people present in the society.

Environmental Factors Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental Factors Paper - Essay Example Toyota is one of the world’s leading car manufacturing companies which produce and market more than 8 million cars every year. It has a global presence with manufacturing units in more than 27 countries and vehicles sold in more than 170 countries and regions (Toyota, 2010). This paper discusses how various environmental factors affect the marketing decisions of Toyota. Influence of global economic interdependence and the impact of trade practices and agreements It is quite important that Toyota understand the importance of economic interdependence and the impact of trade practices since the current economic situation calls all the countries in the world to be highly interdependent. Toyota can efficiently procure the vehicle parts from specific countries and strategically increase the market share in the countries where they do business. On May 2009, Toyota reported a record loss of $4.2 billion due to the global financial crisis. This shows that the performance of the firm is highly related to global economic conditions. Differences in tariffs, taxes and trade agreements between different countries need to be considered while pricing the products. A high import duty will make a country less attractive to do business with. On the other hand a subsidy on international trade will make a country more attractive to trade. Importance of demographics and physical infrastructure Demographics and physical infrastructure are both macro environmental factors that affect the marketing decision of any firm. The marketing decisions of Toyota are shaped by the demographic factors of human population such as size, location, gender, occupation, race, etc. For example, Toyota cannot supply vehicles to a location where it does not get a cost advantage. So it has to decide on the feasibility of opening a manufacturing unit in that location if the consumer demand is high. The demographic environment can also be classified on the basis of generations. They are Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y. The needs and aspirations of these different generations are different in the form of vehicle design, performance, mileage, pricing etc. Promotional measures should also be made in order to give the right appeal for each of these segments. Physical infrastructure also plays a major role in designing the marketing decisions of Toyota. The vehicles marketed in one country may not be apt for some other countries due to the infrastructure those countries have. In such cases, there needs to be a structural redesign on the vehicle before it can be marketed to such countries. Also the availability of good physical infrastructure will help determine whether it is beneficial to open up manufacturing units for reasons of easy availability of energy, water supply, telecommunication facility, etc. Influence of Cultural Differences Toyota has over the years developed an image of trust and value among the minds of the customers. The marketing strategies will be aime d at making people associate themselves with these qualities in order to affect their purchase decision. People perceive Toyota as a lifestyle brand in some countries whereas in some other countries they consider it as a quality brand. It is the ability of the marketing department that enables Toyota to position the vehicles in the minds of the

Business Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Business Research - Essay Example S. 2007). Quantitative research is descriptive or experimental. Descriptive establishes only associations between variables. It involves case, case series, cross-sectioning and cohort variables, hence it does not give detailed data of the study. Experimental establishes causality. Qualitative research design is appropriate particularly to a business organization. This is because, it enables a clear measure of what is going on in an organization or members of the business organization. (Greener, D. S. 2007). It also monitors financial data and other qualitative data, which can be established and monitored around the organization and which will be vital in the study of day to day management. For instance, when a business organization has incurred loss in sales, a clear study should be carried out to give a clear logistic statement or report of the daily or monthly usage of financial transactions. This will enable the manager of the business to change the norms of the

Foreign Aid and US Politics

Foreign Aid and US Politics To Be Or Not To Be Involved In the year 1796, President George Washington gave his speech, the Farewell Address, directing to all fellow American citizens before he resigned from his presidential office concerning the young nation’s future. He warned the Americans to avoid political parties for it may tear the country apart, and to avoid creating permanent alliances and foreign affairs, but rather favor isolationism and temporarily alliances in cases of emergencies. It wasn’t until during the presidency of Woodrow Wilson, World War I occurred that America began to shift away from the ideology of neutrality. Since then until today, the United States rose to become the world’s superpower and serves as the world’s â€Å"police† after the aftermath of World War II and the Cold War, ending the concept of isolationism. With many speculations regarding foreign issues, threats, attacks, helping hands that are not needed and the increase of the deficit spending, many Americans began to wonder whether or not being involved in other countries’ businesses would do more harm than good to the nation. After the World Wars, many Americans believe that the country should cut all ties from any foreign affairs, including aids. A number of people believe that the government is spending too much money on foreign affairs, not realizing that the money being â€Å"wasted† is used to help many undeveloped countries around the world. In 1987, President Ronald Reagan stated in his speech, ‘Remarks at a White House Briefing for the Citizens Network for Foreign Affairs,’ that America is actually spending less than what they supposed to on foreign policies, â€Å"Give away too much money without return? The truth is that now, and historically, weve spent very little on foreign affairs in terms of the overall budget of our government. In the late forties and early fifties, during the time of the Marshall plan, we spent 11 cents of every Federal dollar on foreign affairs. That figure had dropped to 4 cents on the dollar by 20 years ago and has continued to fall until, in recen t years, weve been spending less than 2 cents of each dollar to support our national’s foreign policy.†[1] However, over the years America has changed; America continued to develop and strengthen their economy and defenses as well as helping other unfortunate countries who are in need to the point that America is in a deficit with the national debt of about 17 trillion dollars compared to Reagan’s era which was only 1-2 trillion U.S dollars. President Bill Clinton made effort of lowering the national debt during his presidency, which he did briefly by -2.0%, and the United States was in a surplus for just that moment until George W. Bush came into power in 2001.[2] By having their complete focus on foreign affairs, the U.S has neglected the problems arising among their own people. As of today, thousands of Americans are unemployed and are being forced to continue to live in poverty. Many Americans argued that the billions of dollars the government is sending to foreign countries should be used for creating jobs and prevent poverty from spending throughout the country. Not only are thousands of Americans are living in poverty but also millions of foreigners around the world. Ironically, those billions of dollars the United States government sending is going to the Middle East, the most Anti-Americanized region in the world. [3] Americans questions why does the government even bother helping a country if they don’t want any interference from outsiders regarding their own domestic issues. Although America is trying their best to help as much as they can, half of those billions of dollars are going straight to the rich people’s pockets rather than the poor and receive nothing in return as a result. Foreign aid is supposed to help the lives of poor people who never had the chance to live a better life. For over 40-50 years, there are still children around the world roaming around on the streets to find food and help their parents’ labor; many of those children if not all are illiterate. For 40-50 years of receiving foreign aid, these people’s lives aren’t improving much at all. As William Easterly pointed out, â€Å"The West spent $2.3 trillion and Amaretch is still carrying firewood. It’s a tragedy that so much well-meaning compassion did not bring these results for needy people.† [4] And did the people even receive the full amount of $2.3 trillion of foreign aid? If the people in foreign countries truthfully received only about less than one-fourth of the original amount, what happened to the rest of the trillions of dollars? William Easterly cited that the money gets lost along the way to the World Bank, other agencies, rich people and corru pted politician leaders before the money finally arrives to the lower class citizens. And because the auxiliary countries usually don’t pay attention, they just stop at that, not realizing that the money they have sent to a country like Ethiopia in Africa has come extremely short. â€Å"So with a long chain of officials in charge of the money with no one looking over their shoulder to see how they’re spending it, there’s plenty of ways that it leaks.†[5] Unfortunately, the people who are more benefited with this amount of money are the rich. Isolationist and former U.S Congressman, Ron Paul expresses his foreign policy by stating that â€Å"the country needs to ‘downsize’ its foreign policy.† Despite being a conservative politician, Ron Paul opposes any type of foreign affairs and urges America to cut off foreign aid completely. He disapproves President Barack Obama continuously getting the nation too involved with the affairs which have already leaded to many misconceptions between the foreign countries and the United States. â€Å"’What I really want is [President Barack Obama] to downsize the foreign policy, because if you stay involved in 140 countries . . . stirring up trouble, and you downsize the military, you run into a problem. So, its our intervention that needs downsizing.’†[6] Paul also states that the countries should solve their own domestic policy issues without the United States constant interfering. Even if there’s no intervention among countries, foreign aid creates dependency of countries one another, especially upon the U.S. When President Obama denied Ukraine’s need for military aid in the early 2014, he received many critics of why he didn’t help aid, and why did he not send in troops into Ukraine. His response was â€Å"Why is it that everybody is so eager to use military force after we’ve just gone through a decade of war at enormous costs to our troops and to our budget? And what is it exactly that these critics think would have been accomplished? Do people actually think that somehow we sending some additional arms into Ukraine could potentially deter the Russian army? Or are we more likely to deter them by applying the sort of international pressure, diplomatic pressure and economic pressure that we’re applying?†[7]Obama had used the same tactic when issuing about Syria up until now. During the war in Libya, the Obama Administr ation intervention was poorly devised; the overall purpose of heading into Libya remained unclear. To add on more of the uncertainty of Libya’s affairs, Congress considered Obama’s action a violation against the War Powers of Resolution of 1973.[8] Speaker of the House John Boehner informed the president that the Obama Administration must withdraw.[9] Currently, the United States is involved with Syria’s Civil War since 2011 with Syria’s president Bashar al-Assad has warned against any foreign intervention that will be seen as an act of aggression to the entire country. After the deaths of five ‘Westerners’ in Syria by attempting to give aid to the civilians, especially children, U.S President Barack Obama continues to send in more troops into the foreign country, not only to stop ISIS but also overthrow the Syrian President. [10][11] However, the idea of foreign aid is not corrupt as some people may have interpret, but rather how much does the countries take role in foreign affairs. When a country does not seek aid but to resolve their domestic issues instead on their own, a foreign country such as America should not have the right to interfere. There is no use of one country getting involved in a foreign issue that has nothing to do with them. However, if they continue to get involved without consent, then the foreign country may have become new enemies to the problematic country that is facing its own civil war as long as the issue may impact the entire world. In 1796, U.S President George Washington knew the dangers of being involved in foreign affairs, and although President Ronald Reagan stated that â€Å"We are the leader of the free world. And that is not a role we asked for; its a role that was thrust upon us by history and by the hopes of those who aspire to freedom throughout the world.†[1], so l ong as America continues to engage deeply with foreign affairs that are deemed â€Å"threatening to the entire world of democracy†, America will continue making enemies and their economy will fall due to the large social gaps between the rich and the poor and the troubles the country is facing itself. Despite trying to not get involved with future affairs, many countries are already depending on the United States to resolve their problems such as the Ukraine Crisis. The best solution for America regarding foreign aid is less interference unless the situation is necessary. Cited Sources http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=33589 www.skymachines.com/us-national-debt-per-capita-percent-of-gdp-and-by-presidental-term.htm http://www.rightsidenews.com/2013072832963/us/politics/on-foreign-aid-duncan-stop-giving-money-to-countries-that-hate-us-they-can-hate-us-for-free.html http://www.cato-unbound.org/2006/04/02/william-easterly/why-doesnt-aid-work http://bigthink.com/videos/why-does-foreign-aid-fail http://www.newsmax.com/Newsfront/ron-paul-military-cuts-budget/2014/02/24/id/554467/ http://www.politico.com/blogs/under-the-radar/2014/04/obama-fed-up-with-foreign-policy-critics-187581.html http://www.cfr.org/libya/obamas-poorly-conceived-libya-intervention/p24494 http://www.speaker.gov/press-release/speaker-boehner-challenges-president-obama-legal-justification-continued-operations http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/09/syria-islamic-state-201491114243147712.html http://www.globalresearch.ca/us-house-approves-obama-plan-for-military-intervention-in-syria/5402679 The Great Escape: Health, Wealth, and the Origins of Inequality by Angus Deaton http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10054.html Ch.7 Aids and Politics http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s2_10054.pdf

Past, Present, And Future Of Computers :: essays research papers

Past, Present, and Future of Computers Imagine being able to do almost anything right from your own living room. You could order a pizza, watch cartoons, or play video games with people from around the entire world. All are possible today with your computer. The beginnings of the computer started off in a rather unique way. It was first used to produce intricate designs with silk, a task far to long a tedious for a human to do constantly. It's really unbelievable how the computers changed from that to what they are now. Today, computers are completely astounding. The possibilities are endless. Who knows where they will take us in the years ahead. The computer is the most influential piece of equipment that has ever been invented. The begginings of the computer are actually kind of strange. It started in the 1800's when a man named Charles Babbage wanted to make a calculating machine. He created a machine that would calculate logarithms on a system of constant difference and record the results on a metal plate. The machine was aptly named the Difference Engine. Within ten years, the Analytical Engine was produced. This machine could perform several tasks. These tasks would be givin to the machine and could figure out values of almost any algebraic equation. Soon, a silk weaver wanted to make very intricate designs. The designs were stored on punch-cards which could be fed into the loom in order to produce the designs requested. This is an odd beginning for the most powerful invention in the world. In the 1930's, a man named Konrad Zuse started to make his own type of computer. Out of his works, he made several good advances in the world of computing. First, he developed the binary coding system. This was a base two system which allowed computers to read information with either a 1 or a 0. This is the same as an on or and off. The on or off functions could be created through switches. These switches were utilized with vacuum tubes. The functions could then be relayed as fast as electrons jumping between plates. This was all during the time of the Second World War and further advancements were made in the area of cryptology. Computer advancements were needed in order for the Allied Coding Center in London to decode encrypted Nazi messages. Speed was of the essence, so scientists developed the first fully valve driven computer. Before this, computers only had a number of valves, none were fully driven by them because of the complexity and difficulty of producing it. Past, Present, And Future Of Computers :: essays research papers Past, Present, and Future of Computers Imagine being able to do almost anything right from your own living room. You could order a pizza, watch cartoons, or play video games with people from around the entire world. All are possible today with your computer. The beginnings of the computer started off in a rather unique way. It was first used to produce intricate designs with silk, a task far to long a tedious for a human to do constantly. It's really unbelievable how the computers changed from that to what they are now. Today, computers are completely astounding. The possibilities are endless. Who knows where they will take us in the years ahead. The computer is the most influential piece of equipment that has ever been invented. The begginings of the computer are actually kind of strange. It started in the 1800's when a man named Charles Babbage wanted to make a calculating machine. He created a machine that would calculate logarithms on a system of constant difference and record the results on a metal plate. The machine was aptly named the Difference Engine. Within ten years, the Analytical Engine was produced. This machine could perform several tasks. These tasks would be givin to the machine and could figure out values of almost any algebraic equation. Soon, a silk weaver wanted to make very intricate designs. The designs were stored on punch-cards which could be fed into the loom in order to produce the designs requested. This is an odd beginning for the most powerful invention in the world. In the 1930's, a man named Konrad Zuse started to make his own type of computer. Out of his works, he made several good advances in the world of computing. First, he developed the binary coding system. This was a base two system which allowed computers to read information with either a 1 or a 0. This is the same as an on or and off. The on or off functions could be created through switches. These switches were utilized with vacuum tubes. The functions could then be relayed as fast as electrons jumping between plates. This was all during the time of the Second World War and further advancements were made in the area of cryptology. Computer advancements were needed in order for the Allied Coding Center in London to decode encrypted Nazi messages. Speed was of the essence, so scientists developed the first fully valve driven computer. Before this, computers only had a number of valves, none were fully driven by them because of the complexity and difficulty of producing it.

My Favorite Place Essay

Through my life, I have had a few favorite places, but my overall favorite place is sitting in my front yard. A favorite place to me one that you can enjoy and relax, where you are at peace. This essay is about my favorite place, as I will tell you why it is. Sitting in my front yard, I watched my kids and grandkids play running around, swimming in the pool, and riding their bikes. My front yard has seen a lot through the years. I have a lot of great memories, and plan to make a lot more in the future. It is a place we had barbeques, parties, and other events. My front yard I can sit and enjoy the smell of fresh cut grass, kids playing and just relax. Our kids and grandkids all have played and left their mark in it, we all have. It was the place my kids and grandkids had their first skinned knees, they learned to ride a bike had their first cookout. Some of the memories I have of sitting in my front yard are birthday parties, my youngest daughter’s wedding, and the Fourth of July fireworks. All my kids and grandkids love to come to our house and play in the yard. We love to have them over; they are there about every weekend and more during the summer. Every Fourth of July when I am home, I set of firework for the family. I try to make it a big event we cook out, swim, and enjoy each other’s company. The kids and grandkids have a blast; we try to plan many things for them to do for the whole weekend. Most of the things have to deal with being outside in the yard. We had our daughter’s wedding in our front yard. It was a beautiful ceremony; we had what you would call a garden wedding. The weather was great, sunny skies and in the 70’s, a great day for a wedding. We had the chairs setup for the guests and the flowers arranged nicely. With everything setup I met my daughter at my front door and walked her down the isle to the alter to give her away. The ceremony was great everything went off without a hitch. In conclusion, my favorite place is a place is my front yard where I can relax and enjoy life with my wife, kids, and grandkids. It has great memories for me my wife and kids. Its where we all get together to talk, and enjoy each other’s company.

Out of Control Interview

Application Case – The Out-of-Control Interview 1. How would you explain the nature of the panel interview Maria had to endure? Specifically do you think it reflected a well-thought-out interviewing strategy on the part of the firm or carelessness on the part of the firm’s management? If it was carelessness, what would you do to improve the interview process at Apex Environmental? It is possible that the panel interview of Maria Fernandez at Apex International was a stress interview designed to determine how she reacts under pressure and with a barrage of irrelevant and sexist questions. However, stress interviews are viewed as unethical and of poor taste. Apparently, Apex International management was careless in its interview strategy. First, it constituted a panel of five men who maybe well acquainted with the company’s operations but could be possibly lacking in experience in HR functions, particularly in recruitment and selection. It is assumed that the HR manager or any HR specialist who could have provided structure, direction and control to the interview was not part of the panel. To address this concern, it is highly recommended that Apex International conduct trainings for interviewers in order to maximize utility of interviews as a tool at arriving at a selection decision as well as to avoid straying off course and asking questions that have potential job discrimination implications. 2. Would you take the job if you were Maria? If you’re not sure, is there any additional information that would help you make your decision, and if so, what is it? I am unsure in taking the job offer. I would take into careful consideration the company’s Code of Conduct and Ethics. Based on what happened, it appears that there are concerns on the culture of the company, particularly on sexual harassment and equality in the workplace. Questions asked during the panel interview indicate loose policies on sexual harassment. While interviews are primarily designed to find out if the job applicant has the experience and skills needed for the position, it could also be a tool for the company to emphasize its culture, leadership, among others. . The job of applications engineer for which Maria was applying requires: (a) excellent technical skills with respect to mechanical engineering; (b) commitment to working in the area of pollution control; (c) the ability to deal well and confidently with customers who have engineering problems; (d) willingness to travel worldwide; and, (e) a very intelligent and well-balanced personality. What questions would you ask when interviewing applic ants for the job. Sample Questions: 1. How do you think your mechanical engineering degree can help you in your job in pollution control? 2. If I were to ask your reporting staff to comment on your leadership style, your leadership strengths, and your leadership weaknesses, how would they respond? What would this discussion tell me about you as a leader? 3. Suppose a client approached and asked you a difficult technical question that you could not answer. What would you do?

Everyday Use essays

Everyday Use essays Existentialism is about having the freedom to determine what is right for you in your lifestyle. Todays society seemed to have forgotten that the right to choose is a privilege. Past leaders such as Dr. Martin Luther King Dr. Martin Luther Kings sermon Give us the Ballot relates to race in the 21st century because minorities are still being treated unfairly in the job market. Minorities hold less than half of all top positions in businesses today. It has been proven in many studies that white males manage most all of corporate America. This is why America had to put things such as affirmative action in place, which requires companies to hire a certain amount of minorities each year by law. This is why when you fill out a job application today they ask for your ethnicity. There are open-minded white and black people that know this type of treatment is going on in their place of business, but they fail to say anything because they fear that they may lose their job. I feel that Dr. King would be embarrassed to stand next to most of our leaders today. I feel this way because Dr. King preached about the community needing strong, reliable, and honest leaders; today we find that most of our leaders are very far from these values. For example, people in government lie all of the time during elections. Basically they tell you what you want to hear so that they can get your vote, and once they get in office the do the total opposite of what they promise they would. Also for example, former President Bill Clinton, he got on national television and stated that he did not have sex with Monica Lewinski. About a week later she had her suit DNA tested to prove that his semen was on it and all of a sudden he rememb ...

Reading and writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading and writing - Essay Example News about the 9/11 attacks became incredibly sensational, this clearly goes to show that sensational news has a place in our ever changing society. Wouldn’t we get bored if there is no sensational news on channels? The obvious answer is yes. Ordinary people become heroes overnight if they become a part of sensational news, for instance Anna Hazare gained immense popularity in India when he launched an anti-corruption movement which shook the government of India. The movement is aimed at eliminating corruption at the grass root level in the country. â€Å"Two weeks ago, a TV news channel here broadcast an exposà © alleging that a math teacher at a local school had forced young girls into prostitution. The public reaction was swift and harsh: Within an hour, hundreds of enraged parents had stormed the school and a crowd had found the teacher, ripped her clothes and beaten her.† (Nation and World) This is a fine example of how ordinary news becomes sensational

Electro magntic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Electro magntic - Essay Example MS Excel once more helped drew the line of best fit and helped conclude that the relationship was actually also linear. The resulting formula has the ability to calculate the exact amount of force in any given length of coil. Even when the length of coil was varied, the resulting relationship was still consistently linear. Here is the formula: 3- The plotted points above show the relationship between the force and the magnetic field when the latter was altered. The graph shows a rather approximate linear relationship, and the general equation or formula is based on the line of best fit that is made through MS Excel. The formula is as follows: 4- Other relationships plotted above the graph of force tended to have nonlinear relationships with the varied angle. Theoretically, current-bearing conductors in magnetic fields with respect to altered angles tend to form sinusoids. The sinusoid is dependent on a number of factors such as current, magnetic field and the length of the coil conductor. Given that every other condition remains constant, the plotted graph assumes the form of a sin graph. Perhaps, the only discrepancy here is that the magnetic field is expressed in the number of magnets and not in SI units. Magnetic field is usually expressed in Teslas (T) and so there was a calculation to determine how much the consistent value of equivalent teslas is on the six magnets. The formula derived from this is as follows: Considering that our current, magnetic field and coil length were all constant from the results table, a specific angle was replaced with a force value in order to determine the constant value of Teslas appropriate for the magnetic field of six magnets, thus, 1. The doubling of the current will increase the value by a factor of 0.0058, which means that the current is actually directly proportional to the calculated force. Thus, it is expected that the force would increase. b. An electrical car that runs on an electrical

Persuasive (AIRA) Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Persuasive (AIRA) Letter - Essay Example Inclusion of the Co-Curricular Records (CCR) would provide an official mode for student participation of co-curricular activities and nurturing talents in St. Mary University’s students. The management of the St. Mary University can only measure all roundedness in their learners through the Co-Curricular Record (CCR). It is also vital to consider that, additional skills besides education are important for learners. Though some people have counter arguments on the validity and reliability of these records, I still believe that educational transcripts have to be complemented and acquire additional skills that place them in an advantageous position in terms of accessing job opportunities. Through the AIRA strategy, the management of St. Mary’s University will need to shift an amount of funds to put the Co-Curricular Records (CCR) in place. The management will also need to dedicate a huge sum of money to mobilize students to join the group, as well as hire the services of motivational speakers to motivate students on the need to be all rounded learners. However, this move will be beneficial to the St. Mary’s just like has been to other

Indirect thermometric Titration Essay Example for Free

Indirect thermometric Titration Essay * School Name: Al Mashrek International School * School Code: 2108 * Subject: Chemistry * Topic: Indirect A thermometric Titration. * Assessment: Data Collection, Data Processing Presenting, Conclusion Evaluation. * Candidate Name: Bassam Al-Nawaiseh * Date: 20/5/2007 * Aim: The aim of this experiment is to determine the concentrations of two acids. The two acids are Hydrochloric acid, HCl, and Ethanoic acid, CH3CO2H. This will be done by thermometric titration, by calculating the enthalpy change for each reaction, enthalpy of neutralization. * Data Collection: Table 1: the temperature change for the HCl solution and CH3CO2H solution after adding 5 cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ portions of 1M NaOH on each acid. * Data Processing Presenting: Graph 1: represents the temperature change in the solution when titrated with HCl after extrapolation. Graph 2: Represents the temperature change of the solution titrated against Ethanoic Acid after extrapolation. * From graph 1, it is shown that after extrapolating the final temperature of the solution are 38 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C instead of being 34 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C from the normal graph. * From graph 2, it is shown that after extrapolating the graph, the final temperature of the solution is about 34 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C instead of being 32 from the normal graph. * Amount of NaOH = c x v = 2 x 0.05 = 0.1 mol NaOH * Amount of Heat Energy for HCL solution = m x s x ?T = (100/1000) x 4.18 x (38 23) = 6.27 KJ * Molar Heat Energy for HCL solution = 6.27 x (1 / 0.1) = 62.7 KJ/mol * Amount of Heat Energy for Ethanoic Acid Solution = m x s x ?T = (100/1000) x 4.18 x (34 23) = 4.56 KJ * Molar Heat Energy for Ethanoic Acid solution =- 4.56 x (1 / 0.1) = -45.6 KJ/mol. (Negative sign was added to both the heat energies because the reaction is exothermic due to the rise in temperature of the solution.) * Conclusion Evaluation: * ?H neutralization for Ethanoic Acid (-45.6 KJ/mol) is lower than that for Hydrochloric Acid (-62.7 KJ/mol). This is because HCL is a strong acid which completely ionizes and dissociates. On the other hand, CH3COOH is a weak acid which partially ionizes in water. * Percentage Uncertainties is: * Pipette (Volume of NaOH): (0.1/50) x100 = 0.20% * Burette (Volume of HCL): (0.05/50) x 100 = 0.10% * Burette (Volume of CH3COOH): (0.05/50) x100 = 0.10% * Thermometer (Temperature of HCL): (0.5/61) x 100 = 0.81 % * Thermometer (Temperature of CH3COOH): (0.5/57) x 100 = 0.87 % * Total Percentage Uncertainty = 0.20+0.10+0.10+0.81+0.87 = 2.08 % * Absolute Uncertainty for ?H HCL = 62.7 x (2.08/100) = 1.3 * Absolute Uncertainty for ?H CH3COOH = 45.6 x (2.08/100) = 0.94 * ?H Hydration for HCL is -62.7 KJ/mol (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1.3) * ?H Hydration for CH3COOH is -45.6 KJ/mol (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.95) * Percentage Error: 1. Literature value for HCL is -57.6 KJ/mol = (57.6 62.7)/57.6 = 0.0885 x 100 = 8.85 % 2. Literature value for CH3COOH is -36.8 KJ/mol = (36.8 45.6)/45.6 = 0.193 x 100 = 19.3 % * Errors: 1. Some heat was lost to the surrounding during the reaction. Water temperature decreased as a result from the heat loss, which caused a decrease in the final temperature. 2. The polystyrene cup was not covered with a lid, which also caused heat to be lost to the surrounding. 3. While stirring, the thermometer hit the bottom of the polystyrene cup which caused the thermometer to take the temperature of the cup instead of the water. This affected the readings of temperatures in different intervals which caused an error in drawing the graph. 4. Stirring of the solution was not constant all over the reaction, which caused a partial gain of heat. * Improvements: 1. The polystyrene cup should be covered with a lid, which will increase its insulation and will decrease the amount of heat lost to the surrounding. 2. The thermometer should not hit the bottom of the cup when stirring and friction should be reduced to maximum. This can be done by either holding the thermometer accurately up from the bottom. Or by adjusting it into a clamp embedding it in the solution, while using a glass rod for stirring. 3. Stirring the solution should be constant all over the reaction in order to have accurate readings during all time intervals, which will make the graph and its extrapolating more accurate.

Jump Shot In Handball

Jump Shot In Handball The jump shot is one of the most important elements of handball as in the game, motor behavior are performed in specific conditions with the presence of players of the opposing team and while adhering to the regulations. However which areas can be controlled and are used to make the handball action more efficient? Thus we will look into the jump shot in which handball is analyzed in its different phases to find out its efficiency. The goals of the run, jump, shoot are ball velocity and accuracy. Maximum ball velocity and precision is required to minimize the chance of the opponent or goal keeper intercepting the shot. In team handball, shooting to score goals is one of the most important aspects of the game. In order for a shot to be successful, it must have maximum ball velocity and precision for an element of surprise for the goalkeeper (Wagner Muller, 2008). Wagner, Buchecker, Duvillard, and Mulller (2010) state that 67% of ball velocity at ball release was explained by the summation effects from the velocity of elbow extension and internal rotation of the shoulder. Thus we divide them into Approach, Take-off, Shoot, Land. Logically speaking, the faster the ball is thrown at the goal the goalkeeper will have a lesser time to save the shot. In order for a throw to be successful, the highest velocity at ball release together with aiming accuracy is required therefore during the game, thus the athlete has to keep up with the optimal efficiency of these two factors (Zapartidis, Gouvali, Bayios, Boudolos, 2007). Accuracy is something defined as variable. We didnt want to make it become a close-system where the subject keeps hitting at the same spot. Thus in the analyzing performance stage, we came out with a table to judge the subject throwing effectiveness in performing the skill. Zapartidis, Toganidis, Vareltzis, Christodoulidis, Kororos, and Skoufas (2009) reported that players during the game are notably affected by time as aiming accuracy or ball velocity gradually decrease. In all sports tasks, most coaches apply eight biomechanical principles when analyzing their athletes (Bartlett, 2007). These eight principles can be separated into two broad categories. The 3 basic universal principles; use of the stretch-shortening cycle, minimization of energy used, control degrees of freedom. The other 5 general principles; sequential action of muscles, minimization of inertia, impulse generation, maximizing the acceleration path, stability. These apply to sports tasks which are usually used by speed generation. However not all of the principles can be used to apply in every sport. For example, the stability is a one of the biomechanical principle which is applicable to sumo wrestling. Whereas it is not applicable in the game of handball, as there is a lesser emphasis on having a wide base of support for stability when preparing for a shot (Knudson, 2007). In handball, the biomechanical principles that can be applied are use of the stretch-shortening cycle, minimization of energy used, control degrees of freedom, sequential action of muscles, minimization of inertia, impulse generation and maximizing the acceleration path. The recruitment of each part of the body is important by allowing the development of maximal velocity of these parts. This begins from the proximal parts then to the distal parts of the body. The larger proximal joint starts the action by accelerating, thus a transfer of momentum results in a high velocity to the smaller distal joints. Each segments of the kinetic chain is linked to the stoppage of the proximal part results in the increase of angular velocity (Pori, Bon, Sibila, 2005). When performing the shot, certain physiological characteristics are taken into considerations. Therefore, at least for some muscular groups there should be the shortest possible time between extension and contraction for muscles involved in this phase (Pori et al., 2005). Pori et al. (2005) concluded that better players make use of extensors in the wrist better than worse players. Components of Skill 1. Approach (Run-up) Physique We assume there will be significant differences to the speed of ball release in our goal of skill regarding to body height and body weight between handball players of different performance levels (Hasan, Reilly, Cable, Ramadan, 2007). Are tall athletes better than shorter ones? Thus we have physique. Taller handball players with greater body weight have the ability to achieve a higher ball release speed (Wagner et al., 2010). Maximizing acceleration path is a critical factor Using the work-energy relationship which shows that a moving object is equals to work done. This is important for the handballer maximizing use of the run-up which to apply force (Bartlett, 2007). Using the formula: Velocity/Time Acceleration for an increase in velocity, acceleration also increases. 2. Take-off Contact Maximize force generation is a critical factor This is where the Angle, Speed, Height of Jump comes. Further increase in speed at take-off is required by generating more impulse just at take-off. Using the impulse-momentum relationship where change of momentum, I=Ft, increased in I= increased Force exerted on the ground multiply by increased Time of force. From an increased in F we have F=Mass of the athlete multiply by increasing Acceleration of the athlete. This movement requires being fast and powerful at take-off. 4. Shoot Sequence of trunk joint and muscle group in throw Ball velocity at ball release was explained by the summation effects from order of the proximal parts to the distal parts of the body (Wagner et al., 2010). High release point is a critical factor A high elbow release point needed to generate much velocity. The time of the take-off contact would point to fast and elastic strength of the subject and indirectly affect the height of a throw and ball velocity. 5. Land Contact with the ground is a critical factor Decreased force over a period of time by bending knees when landing to reduce the mean impact force which also can prevent further injury. Deterministic Model Run, Jump, Shoot Figure 1 Important considerations for videotaping the skill The points below have been well thought-out to minimize errors recorded during two-dimensional filming, thus improving the accuracy of all data (Bartlett, 2007). Perspective and parallax errors were paid carefully attention to. 1) Position of camera The camera is mounted on a fixed tripod, on a level ground and aiming at the subject. The camera is positioned as far away from the action in order to reduce perspective error. The field of view (FOV) is adjusted to match with the performance of the subjects which as is recorded. As this take advantage of the performer on the projected image and increases the accuracy of digitizing. Once the FOV is in place and it is kept constant at all time. The camera is placed perpendicular to capture the movement of the subjects, horizontal scale of 7m and vertical reference from the goal post. The set-up is shown below, Figure 2. Figure 2 A line was marked out 7 meters from the goalpost and subject use the take off area as point of jump. The camera was place 10 meters perpendicular to the take off area. 2) Lighting Filming is done outdoors, a location with a dull and non-reflective background was use to allow the athlete and the ball to standout. This will make it easier to assess the movement patterns and biomechanics of the jump shot. In contrast, if the background or backdrop was to be too bright, the athlete would be hard to spot. 3) Background The background is as neat as possible, simple and non-reflective as it provides a good contrast which allows the viewing and estimating of the axes of rotation from the subjects anatomical landmarks. 4) Shutter Speed A shutter speed of 1/2000 was selected as this shutter speed would allow for slow motion playback and ease the motion analysis process. Using a lower shutter speed would cause blurriness when the video is playback, while a higher shutter speed comes with a decrease in image quality, thus making analysis impossible. 5) Subject Preparation The recording of the movement is as unpretentious as possible. The subject is briefed that he is performing in front of a camera in an experimental perspective and had little clothing to minimize errors in locating body landmarks. A verbal consent is obtained from the athlete participating in the analysis. The subject was told to throw the ball as fast as possible into the net for the initial 4 shots. After which, he was given coaching cues to correct his technique and delivery of the skill. Results of the Videotaping Session The male subject is a national basketball player who trains 5 times a week (Height-189 cm; body mass 82kg; age 24 years old). He does not have prior experience to playing handball therefore is a suitable candidate. In order to evaluate the over arm throwing performance, according to the International Handball Federation, (IHF), rules of the game a standard handball was used: (Circumference 58-60cm and Weight 425-475g, IHF Size 3, for Men and Male Youth (over age 16). The subject was told to throw as fast as possible; no coaching cues were given for the first 4 shots. Therefore we came up an evaluation of the quality of the execution skill for the subject in Table 3. Table 3 Mark Run-up Take-Off Shoot Land 3 Optimal speed of stride and synchronized lowering of CG, Execution is smooth, in cadenced Planting of takeoff leg accurately, take-off is vertical, explosiveness The elbow is high and moving along height of the head, correct use of sequential muscle groups into the throw, explosive finishing Land on take-off leg or on both legs simultaneously with knees bend 2 Fairly too short or too long stride, Execution still fluent, in cadenced Placement of takeoff leg rather far from the goal, take-off going a little too forward The elbow still moving low, technique of execution better Average execution, with slight unbalance 1 Lack of speed, hasty lowering of CG, not in cadenced, poor execution, execution is poor Placement of takeoff leg is too far from the goal, take-off oriented too forward, lack of explosiveness Placement of takeoff leg is significantly away from the goal, take-off directed markedly forward Land on non-take- off leg, poor execution Legend: CG centre of gravity; Mark: 1 Poor, 2 Average, 3 Good As for the first 4 jumps shots, the subject attainted 10.6  ± 0.2 m/sec for the ball velocity at release. The following are the results of the first 4 jump shots, Table 4. Table 4 Attempt Run-up Take-Off Shoot Land Total Score 1 2 1 1 1 5 2 1 2 1 2 6 3 2 1 2 1 6 4 2 1 3 1 7 Attempts to give too many cues to the subject will paralyze the subject. After letting him explore the jump shot on the initial 4 shots, this time the subject was then told to aim for the top right hand corner of the goalpost, using the jump shot technique. We gave him coaching cues to correct his technique starting from the run-up phrase, take-off, shoot and then leading to landing phrase, Table 5. Table 5 Critical Features Coaching Cues Run-up Take a long third step Take-off Explosiveness-gain vertical height Optimize height of release Release at the top Angle of release Draw a semi circle Summation of forces Smooth-jump and shoot Rotation of ball Flip wrist Land Bend knees The following are the results of the jump shots with coaching cues given to him in Table 6. The subject attainted an improved 12.6  ± 0.4 m/sec for the ball velocity at release. Table 6 Attempt Run-up Take-Off Shoot Land Total Score 5 2 2 3 1 8 6 3 3 2 2 10 7 2 3 2 2 9 8 3 3 3 3 12 Qualitatively analysis Evaluation of performance After taking the video for the running jump shot, we compare it to a elite athlete jump shot. There are a few features which are important in the sequence, the run up (3 steps), the jump and the throw. The run up The 3 steps run up will provide the athlete impulse for the jump shot. As impulse = change in momentum (Blazevich, 2007). F.t = m.v m.u Momentum is the quantity of motion possessed by the body. Therefore a run up is important in this aspect. After assessment, we found out that the subject did a 1 step run up which did not create enough impulse. Therefore the rating is poor -good for the run up Critical Features Rating The run up Poor 1 step run up The jump The height of the jump is determined by a few factors, the weight of the athlete and the acceleration. F = ma The reason for the bending of the knees for a higher jump is that the time it takes for the athletes to leave the floor (Muller, 2009). v = u + at Vavg = s/t Presume the jump height is the same, the less time, he takes to jump the same distance, the more velocity the person create, the higher the person will go. By contracting the quadriceps, will stretch the tendon, by doing this, it is possible to jump higher. The assessment for the subject is poor-good as he did not bend his knee, and straighten his leg after that. Critical Feature Rating Bend Knees Poor-Good Straighten leg Poor Bend Knee? Straighten leg? The throw The speed of the throw is determined by the speed difference and the time it take for the ball to leave the hand. It is similar to the theory of the jump, where the more distance and less time you take the faster the ball will travel. The difference is that there is a twist to the body; therefore there is an angular motion to it. ÃŽÂ ±= (à Ã¢â‚¬ °f à Ã¢â‚¬ °f)/t à Ã¢â‚¬ ° = Ó ¨/t Since the mass of the ball is the constant. The only factor that can influence the amount of force being exacted on it is acceleration. T = I ÃŽÂ ± (angular) Critical Features Rating The pull back Poor Good The follow through Poor Good Pull back? Follow through Correcting the performance The whole sequence of the running throw will be broken to parts to teach the subject. Critical Features Rating Picture Remarks / Strategies Coaching Cues The run up Poor The run up will be done in 3 steps, the subject will attempt to take 3 wide steps to gain speed. Wide Step; More Force Bend Knees Poor Good The subject will jump on the spot, with the knees bend before the jump. Squat more Straighten leg Poor The subject will jump and straighten the leg to gain more height. Explode; Stretch The pull back Poor Good The subject will try to shoot with the jump. By pulling the arm further back. Arc back; Roll Shoulder The follow through Poor Good With the pull back, the subject will attempt the follow through with the same action. Follow through; Swing arm Discussion There are mainly two factors in shooting technique of handball, the first is speed ball velocity of shoot, and the second factor is that no clear prediction of direction to shoot for goal keeper. This approach gives a good evaluation on the kinematic structure in analyzing handball. Thus, this model can be used in detecting the efficiency of the jump shot. An examination of individuals information and its comparison with the model allow us to identify weakness in the execution of jump shot. The use of biomechanical analysis maybe helpful in correcting or perfecting techniques, however the efficiency of the player in a game does not depend solely on performing a perfect kinematics structure during an isolated testing environment.

Francescas Style in Canto V of Dantes Inferno Essay -- Inferno

Francesca's Style in Canto V of Dante's Inferno Canto V of Dante's Inferno begins and ends with confession. The frightening image of Minos who  «confesses » the damned sinners and then hurls them down to their eternal punishment contrasts with the almost familial image of Francesca and Dante, who confess to one another. In a real sense confession seems to be defective or inadequate in Hell. The huddled masses who declare their sins to Minos do so because they are compelled to declare or make manifest in speech the character of their offenses and although they confess everything (each soul  «tutta si confessa », v. 8) it is not an admission of guilt prompted by true contrition or the timely desire to reform their lives. In Hell confession is a formal ritual that is not especially  «good » for the soul. This is a confession that serves only as a sign that identifies and seals their eternal fates. The brief and compressed description of Minos and his  «offizio » would suggest that this confession of the sinners is largely a formal requirement full of sound and fury signifying only the level of their eternal degradation. Minos is not caught up in the sinners' confessions, and, indeed, Dante's concise description of the entire process of confession and judgment ( «dicono e odono e poi son già ¹ volte », v. 15) is accomplished with dispatch and aesthetic distancing.1 Unlike Dante the wayfarer who will be moved to pity by Francesca's confession, Minos, the brutish judge, is not captivated by the texts provided by the sinners and seems to represent a fierce but orderly administration of justice. Within the moral architecture of the Commedia Francesca's own words identify and confirm the justice of her punishment, but as the structure a... ..., 1985. Pagliaro, Antonino. Ulisse: Ricerche semantiche sulla Divina Commedia. Vol. 1. Firenze: D'Anna, 1967. Poggioli, Renato.  «Paolo and Francesca: Tragedy or Romance? ». PMLA 72 (1957): 313-358. Riddel, Joseph.  «Keep Your Pecker Up: Paterson Five and the Question of Metapoetry ». Glyph 8 (1981): 203-231. Rougemont, Denis de. Love in the Western World. Trans. Montgomery Belgion. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1983. Said, Edward. Orientalism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978. Schweickart, Patrocinio.  «Reading Ourselves: Toward a Feminist Theory of Reading ». In Gender and Reading. Elizabeth A. Flynn and Patrocinio Schweickart, eds. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1986. Shapiro, Marianne. Woman Earthly and Divine in the Comedy of Dante. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1975. Tanner, Tony. Adultery in the Novel. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1979.

The Importance of Public Speaking. Essay

Public speaking can be defined as continuous formal presentation to an audience made by a presenter . Most of the time, people use public speaking to deliver vital messages to the public in proper way. As its name implies, it is a way of communication that will make our ideas public. Through public speaking, we share our ideas with people and it may influence people’s thoughts. Nowadays, many people around the world use public speaking to spread their ideas and influence such as Franklin Roosevelt, Billy Graham, Martin Luther King, and Barack Obama. Although public speaking requires the same skills as used in normal conversation, public speaking and conversation is not identical. Public speaking involves talking in front of a group of people, usually with some preparation. It can be in front of people that you know or a crowd of strangers unlike normal conversation which does not requires preparation to talk. Public speaking is important to everyone regardless what kind of job. Most people, at some point in their life, will need to stand up and speak in front of a group of people. According to Michael Osborn (2003), people seldom speak in public unless they have some idea that they wish to deliver to people. Mostly, we do need to speak in public speaking when we have something to share with other people. Moreover, public speaking is also needed for career purpose and for educational purpose. The time we speak in a public setting is when we decide to speak on matters of importance, or when we are asked to speak about experiences and expertise or when we are required to speak. For instance, Lois Gibbs prior to 1978 who described herself as â€Å"typical American women†, decided to speak out about 20 000 tons of toxic chemicals were buried beneath her home in New York after she learned about it . Ryan White, a child who involved in public speaking after been asked to share and speak about his experience – infected by AIDS virus after received a blood transfusion (Griffin, 2003). According to Rudolph F Verderber (2008), public speaking is one type of human communication which occurs within the public communication context. Imagine, for a moment, that human beings could not speak and could not communicate  ideas about science, current events, and topics as mundane as the weather. It is only then that one can understand the benefits of social communication, especially public speaking. Public speaking may be the most frightening thing as one must stand up in front of mass umber off people. However, it has many benefit such as it builds self-confidence, develops one’s critical thinking skills, it can develops personal and professional skills, it creates community, and lastly it can influence the world and can change people’s thoughts. First of all, public speaking can help us build self-confidence. Based on recent surveys, almost 75 percent of adult population fears public speaking. (Mc Croskey, 1993; Richmond and Mc Croskey, 1995). It is proven that most of people would prefer to be listener than a speaker. Fear and nervousness are factors that discouraging people from being a public speaker. According to most studies, public speaking is number one people’s fear and death is number two. This means that if someone have to go to a funeral, they are better off in the casket than doing eulogy (Seinfeld, 1993, p. 120). However, many people do not realize that public speaking will help us feel more confident. Nervousness because of stage fright is normal and most of public speakers experienced it. The major reasons of nervousness are fear of being stared at, fear of failure, fear of rejection and fear of the unknown . In order to be more confident, one must know the right way to handle the nervousness. According to Lucas E. 2012, one of the key to gain confidence is by doing preparation thoroughly and picking a topic that we really know it well. Next, we must think positively. Confidence is a well-known power of positive thinking (Lucas, 2012). Then, we have to remember that most nervousness is not visible. Therefore, knowing this will make it easier for us to be confident and face the audience. After few times doing public speaking, we will automatically develop self-confidence in speechmaking abilities and we will likely become more confident in other aspect . As a result, many people especially those who have high level of public speaking anxiety (PSA), feel more confident and competent after they have done several times of public speaking. Next, public speaking can help improve communication and personal skills. One of the best benefits of learning to give a good speech is it brings personal satisfaction (Hamilton, 2003). When  we successfully deliver a good speech, the kind of personal satisfaction you experience is unparalleled. A positive response from the audience can help us feel more confident. Thus, it can bring about a lot of improvement in our overall personality. Public speaking is interrelated with communication skills and can be described as a form of communication. Public speaking does not always mean that we have to give a speech to a large audience. When we go for an interview, and speak to a group of interviewers or when we are giving a class presentation; all these are also forms of public speaking. In such situations, if we have the ability to communicate properly, it can help us shape up our future as the personal skills has been improved. Nowadays, most of employers look for employees who can listen carefully, present ideas clearly and think critically. Requirement for higher-level positions is communication skills. Therefore, the ability to present thoughts clearly and persuasively that we gained from public speaking will lead to job success (Jaffe, 2004). Besides that, public speaking can improve critical thinking skills. Lucas in his book described critical thinking as the ability to detect weakness in other people’s arguments and it involves skills such as ability to differentiate fact from opinion, to judge the credibility of statements and to assess the soundness of evidence. It is also the ability to see clearly the relationship among ideas (Lucas, 2012, p.16). Writing a speech requires a lot of careful thought. It’s not enough to have a message; we also need to figure out how to deliver the message to fit the needs of audience. According to Lucas (2012), organizing a speech is not only about arranging ideas but it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves. We have to think how to make points which are relevant to audience and how to make the audience understand the message. Thinking in this way is a great way to improve critical thinking skills. If we start thinking critically about the speaking style, we may also find ways to improve our general communication style. For instance, to make a good speech, we need to think how to make arguments strong and how to make the structure of the speech clear and cohesive. Therefore, this situation makes us become a more effective thinker and we can enhance our ability to think clearly. For that reason, public speaking has been included as a part of education to develop the skills of  critical thinking among students. Furthermore, public speaking can be used to influence the world and can change people’s thought. Many people around the world have spread their influence through public speaking. The examples of people who used public speaking to spread influence are Martin Luther, Barack Obama, Billy Graham in United States while in other countries, the power of public speaking employed by people such as former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, South African leader Nelson Mandela and Burmese democracy champion Aung San Su Kyi . Unlike usual conversations, public speaking contains purpose and responsibility in many every interaction. Public speakers use their knowledge of persuasion to motivate others to take collective action to achieve desired goals. Public speaking skills can be used to influence multiple people simultaneously, such as in a meeting or when addressing a large group. This is why it has power to influence others. We can use public speaking to persuade others to believe or accept our ideas. In addition, public speaking affects cultures. According to Jaffe (2004), culture are not static, which means it can be shaped and it mold our way of life often through public speaking continuously. Public speaking has influenced culture throughout history. Both women and men have spoken on issues that transformed culture. Most historical events have some form of public speaking associated with it. According to Pearce (1998), public speakers attempt to influence society in few ways. First, some hope to spread cultural beliefs, values, attitudes and behaviors to people who do not hold them. Second, speakers reinforce or strengthen existing cultural elements. They encourage listeners to continue with the current behaviors and elements. For instance, a politician influence citizen to keep voting, and pastors urge their effort to continue feeding the hungry. Next, some speakers attempt to restore matters to a healthy state when events threaten to split apart communities. Besides, speakers try to change their societies by bringing about social change . This is because public speaking can be persuasive which can influence the culture. Indeed, cultures are changing and uncertain. Public speakers use this opportunity to transmit cultural beliefs and behavior. They also persuade audiences to change their ways of  thinking or acting. As a conclusion, public speaking is a form of communication to make our ideas public. It is a medium to share our thoughts and it can influence people. Although many people are afraid of speaking in public setting, it actually can boosts self-confidence. Based on Lucas’ opinion, one way to overcome nervousness and become more confident is by doing preparation thoroughly. Moreover, public speaking also helps to develop critical thinking skills. To convince people, we must plan our speech wisely. This needs us to think deeply and critically in order to influence people about the ideas that we share. Therefore, it will improve the critical thinking as we have to think how to make audience understand the message. What is more, public speaking improves our communication skills and personal skills. When we learnt how to deliver speech effectively, our skills will be better after few times doing the public speaking. According to Hamilton (2013), the improved skills will bring personal satisfaction to individual. Next, public speaking can influence the world and change people’s thoughts. Hamilton (2003) said, public speakers usually used the knowledge of persuasion to change people’s mind and accept their ideas. This is what makes the public speaking very influential. Bibliography Gregory, H. (2012). Public Speaking for College & Career. McGraw-Hill. Griffin, C. L. (2003). Invitation to Public Speaking. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. Griffin, C. L. (2003). Invitation To Public Speaking. Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth. Hamilton, C. (2003). Essentials of Public Speaking (5th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth Cengage. Jaffe. (2004). Introduction to Public Speaking and Culture (4th ed.). Belmont: Holly J. Allen. Jaffe. (2004). Public Speaking Concepts and Skills for a Diverse Society (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Holly J. Allen. Lucas, S. E. (2012). The Art of Public Speaking (11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. Lucas, S. E. (2012). The Art Of Public Speaking (11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Micheal Osborn, S. O. (2003). Pubulic Speaking Instructor’s Annotated Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Rudolph F Verderber, D. D. (2008). The Challenge of Effective Speaking (15th ed.). USA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Sellnow,  D. D. (2003). Public Speaking: A Process Approach Media Edition. Thonson Wadsworth.